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The detected signals of this system were examined to measure the dimensions of the surface defects, such as holes, and blind holes for different materials.
In this article, the size of mainlobe is characterized by the dimensions of the surface consisting of spatial points with gains 3 dB below that at the focal point (maximum gain).
The average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square roughness (Rq) which were monitored described the surface architecture in vertical dimensions quite well, but offer no insight into the horizontal dimensions of the surface.
While specular reflections are possible, the vast majority of reflections are diffuse since the dimensions of the surface roughness is on the order of the wavelength of light used in the link [95].
When the dimensions of the surface to be treated are larger than the cross section of the laser beam several overlapped tracks are needed, and the distance between consecutive tracks becomes a fundamental design parameter.
The design allows a concentration gradient to be chosen, either linear or exponential, at the exit of the microfluidic channel with the shape and dimensions of the surface groove within the channel obtained by numerical optimisation.
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We use a structure in which neurons are positioned equidistantly in two dimensions on the surface of a sphere, with connecting structures running through its internal volume (Murre and Sturdy 1995).
The transmission of sound between coupled spaces depends on design decisions like position, shape and dimensions of the surfaces and on the reflection characteristics.
It is characteristic that the increase of the modification time does not change the fractal dimension of the surface.
The paper describes the approach that has been used in this study where the dimension of the surface is specified by the user.
where r is the distance between the center of the element and the terminal, and D is the dimension of the surface element.
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