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The aggregation numbers and the dimensions of the aggregates were determined by a combination of dynamic and static light scattering molecular weights.
The degree of coiling and dimensions of the aggregates as well as diameter of the terete rodlets, their number in rows, and the number of rows in aggregates differ among the species.
For GST, there is a close to linear increase of the dimensions of the aggregates at increasing A2/A1 ratios in the whole range of temperatures up to signal disappearance.
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The fractal dimension of the aggregates is estimated to be about 1.5.
We observed an increase in the fractal dimension of the aggregates with the AuNPs concentration, reaching a fractal dimension value of 1.56 ± 0.01 for the low‐density samples and 1.88 ± 0.01 for the high‐density samples.
The flocculation process was monitored continuously using the LDS technique (laser diffraction scattering), which provides information about the size distribution and structure (fractal dimension) of the aggregates, for each sampling instant and, thus, about the kinetic curve for the flocculation process.
The volume fraction of the aggregates can be expressed as ϕ a = ϕ ( d a d ) 3 − d f, in which d f is the fractal dimension of the aggregates.
where is the intrinsic viscosity with a value of 2.5 for hard spherical particles, ϕ m is the volume fraction of densely packed spheres, ϕa is the volume fraction of aggregates, expressed as, da is the diameter of aggregates, d is the nominal diameter of particle, df is the fractal dimension of the aggregates, and ϕ is the volume fraction of the well-dispersed individual particles.
The dimensions of both the aggregates and single chains with the latter ionomer are closer to those observed for polystyrene under theta conditions rather than in xylene.
Morphological analysis with the concept of the fractal dimension of the aggregate indicates that the electric field regulates the aggregate morphology.
When the fractal dimension of the aggregate is larger than 2, it is not necessary to consider its non-homogeneous structure and the radial change of local properties.
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