Less is known about the link between a specific dimension of optimism, that is, confidence in the future and health-related behaviour.
To the best of our knowledge, data on a specific dimension of optimism, that is, confidence in the future, as well as information on the extent to which socioeconomic factors and psychological distress explain the association, are lacking.
With caution, and bearing in mind that we only measured one dimension of optimism with one item, our results for high and low confidence in the future appear to be in the exact directions and magnitude expected for optimism and pessimism, respectively.
The aim of this study was to explore how one dimension of optimism, that is, high confidence in the future, is related to health-related behaviours and whether current socioeconomical status and psychological distress contribute to these relations in a large web-based sample of 101 257 Finns aged 18 and above.
Therefore, according to Luthans et al. (2007), psychological capital includes four dimensions of self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience.
Four dimensions of self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience have been recognized through the literature for psychological capital (Jafri 2012; Luthans and Avey, 2011 Luthans et al., 2007) which are respectively are define.
The HRQOL score increased for all dimensions of SF36 with increasing level of optimism (< 0.0001) (Tables 4 and 5).
HRQOL decreased with increasing levels of anxiety and increased with increasing level of optimism, including for dimensions MH and GH.
The results also indicated that three dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, optimism and resilience) have positive significant relationship with project success and significant mediating effect of emotional intelligence.
