Background Context: Despite the fact that ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a three-dimensional disease, conventional studies have mainly focused on a two-dimensional measurement, and it is difficult to accurately determine the volume of OPLL growth and analyze the factors affecting OPLL growth after posterior decompression (laminoplasty or laminectomy and fusion).
To compare confounding adjustment by high-dimensional propensity scores (hdPSs) and historically developed high-dimensional disease risk scores (hdDRSs) in three comparative study examples of newly marketed medications: (1) dabigatran vs. warfarin on major hemorrhage; (2) on death; and (3) cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors vs. nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal bleeds.
The WOMAC and AUSCAN Indices are tri-dimensional disease specific measures that assess the dimensions of pain, stiffness and physical function [ 17, 18].
A partial response was defined as a decrease by at least 50% reduction in the sum of the products of the largest perpendicular diameters in all measurable lesions or at least a 30% reduction of the largest diameters in uni-dimensional disease (evaluable disease) for at least 4 weeks.
Higher oxygen saturation has been shown in survivors [ 16, 17], but neither SpO2 nor PaO2 was found to be a significant predictor when added to a validated multi-dimensional disease rating that included the body mass index (B), degree of airflow obstruction (O), dyspnoea (D), and exercise capacity (E) (BODE Index) in multivariable analysis [ 15].
It is a three-dimensional, disease-specific, and self-administered instrument [ 19, 20] that consists of 24 items that evaluate pain (five items), stiffness (two items), and overall level of physical function (17 items).
However, the same does not seem to apply to the research community, which generally remains focused on uni-dimensional disease-specific and often surrogate outcomes [ 5, 6] that may have little impact in the everyday lives of patients.
The revised Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire (CFQ-R) is a validated, multi-dimensional disease-specific measure to assess generic and disease-specific domains of HRQoL in CF that is available in several languages including English and German [ 5, 11].
The WOMAC is a three-dimensional, disease-specific, and self-administered instrument [ 15, 16] that consists of 24 items that evaluate pain (five items), stiffness (two items), and overall level of physical function (17 items).
Outcome variables included HRQoL (German revised multi-dimensional disease-specific CFQ (CFQ-R)), body composition, pulmonary function, physical activity, short-term muscle power, and aerobic fitness by peak oxygen uptake and aerobic power.
The discrepancy to our findings might reflect differences in the approach to determine HRQoL between the generic Quality of Well-being Scale and the multi-dimensional disease-specific CFQ-R.
