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I've suggested two in the past already: the Kindle platform approach and another where someone like Twitter could pay to pierce paywalls and provide a different dimension of value.
Those attracted to pluralistic conceptions of the good take a more expansive view, suggesting that any concrete dimension of value that might be affected by action falls within the purview of practical deliberation (Raz 1999, Raz 2011).
We may say that two options, A and B, are deliberatively commensurable just in case there is some one dimension of value in terms of which, prior to — or logically independently of — choosing between them, it is possible adequately to represent the force of the considerations bearing on the choice.
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(Here a prominent usage of these terms will be followed, whereby particular options may be described as incomparable in value, while general properties or dimensions of value may be described as incommensurable).
The incommensurability of certain dimensions of value, say, freedom versus welfare, or average versus total welfare, may even be a feature of some ethical theories; this puts a lot of pressure on completeness being a reasonable idealisation, let alone a requirement, for rational preference.
For instance, the multiple criteria decision framework (see, for instance, Keeney and Raiffa 1993) takes an agent's overall preference ordering over options to be an aggregate of the set of preference orderings corresponding to all the pertinent dimensions of value.
Hlady-Rispal and Servantie (2016), in the paper Deconstructing the way in which value is created in the context of social entrepreneurship asserted that: "within empirical or conceptual studies, almost all authors use the term 'value', but seemingly assume the dimensions of value rather than define or analyze its connotations and components".
Any value-eliciting approach may tackle a complex combination of various dimensions of values, which are always context dependent.
However, it is very difficult to encompass the multiple dimensions of values systems in a single methodological approach.
We adopt Chan et al.'s ([2012]) eight dimensions of values to analyze the values elicited during the decision-making processes.
Finally, cultural similarity defined through Hofstede's four dimensions of values [29] has also been found to relate to language [30, 32].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com