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Third and more importantly, severe problems affected the question used to operationalise the dimension of impact.
Moreover, citations represent only a single dimension of impact, because nonacademic practitioners may be influenced by an article but cannot cite it.
The spatial and temporal scales of hydrological processes play an important role in the upstream-downstream dimension of impact analysis (Blöschl and Sivapalan [1995]; Sivapalan and Kalma [1995]).
A particularly noteworthy and under-discussed dimension of impact assessment is causality.
Our scoring system consisted of a series of questions considered by the panelists when scoring each dimension of impact and a rating system based on a Likert scale of 1 to 9 for scoring each dimension (Table 1).
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Using Bhola's three dimensions of impact—"impact by design", "impact by interaction", and "impact by emergence"—focuses not just on what changes as an intended result of an intervention, but on how change happens and how positive changes can be sustained.
Another British project investigated several dimensions of impact of public policy projects, epidemiology and infectious diseases.
It focuses on four dimensions of impact: orofacial pain, oral function, orofacial appearance, and psychosocial impact [ 23].
Based on these recommendations we developed a scoring system that included four dimensions of impact, namely corroboration, attribution, reach, and importance.
The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) comprises 14 items that explore seven dimensions of impact: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap.
The paper concludes with a call for more strategic attention to dimensions of impact other than knowledge outcomes and for participatory planning for research.
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size of impact
driver of impact
question of impact
questions of impact
dimension of influences
sizes of impact
dimension of fracture
dimension of unpredictability
dimension of pathos
dimension of pain
dimension of absence
dimension of innovation
dimension of length
dimension of w
dimension of team
dimension of life
dimension of teaching
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