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The digits were based on an 1853 calculation by English mathematician William Shanks, which included an error beginning at the 528th digit.
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A hash function that maps DNA or amino acids to digits is based on the [ 21] conversion, where a hash function m is defined as a function that maps each DNA base or amino acid into digits, which in turn corresponds to a position (index) in the hash table.
Airfoil louvers were based on the symmetrical 4-digit NACA airfoil shape, with its maximum thickness of 10 mm.
The new digit serial divider is based on radix-2n arithmetic and therefore, it is simple and general for any digit size, n.
Handsets will pay a single-digit royalty that is based on a percentage of the sales price of the device.
The U.K. population preference-weighted index uses a value for each 5-digit code that is based on the time trade-off (TTO) preferences of the general U.K. population [ 36].
Retrenchment will certainly curb fast-growing emissions from China, for example, where double-digit economic growth has been based partly on production from the most polluting industries, such as steel, cement and aluminum.
Randomization was carried out centrally, and was done with a computer program where random digits were weighted based on the proportion of past randomizations to yield a balanced number of randomizations between the two groups in a concealed fashion.
The algorithm uses a 32-bit floating-point arithmetic, and is based on a digit-by-digit iterative computation that does not require look-up tables, curve fitting, decimal-binary conversion, or division operations; the number of iterations depends on the precision defined by the user.
Notes jobs wage quintiles are based on two-digit occupation and one-digit industry and on mean wages in 2002.
The company said its forecast of a "three-digit-million loss" in 2003 was based on tax charges on write-downs and losses on asset sales.
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