At the time that Campbell filed his claim, the E.P.A. had performed no civil-rights investigations in North Carolina since digital record-keeping began, in 1993.
While proponents say new record-keeping technologies will one day reduce costs and improve care, profits and sales are soaring now across the records industry.
Konopka voluntarily surrendered her medical license in October 2017 after a series of complaints, which investigators assert stem from her decision to refrain from digital record-keeping.
"Compulsory digital record-keeping and quarterly online updates is not an approach we can endorse," ABAB said in its annual report.
Digital record-keeping is slowly but inevitably replacing paper records everywhere from the pilot's cockpit to the registry of motor vehicles.
In short, digital record-keeping that is trusted, transparent, and tamper-proof.
Karim Lakhani, Harvard Business School professor and co-founder of the HBS Digital Initiative, discusses blockchain, an online record-keeping technology that many believe will revolutionize commerce.
By the end of 2020, all government documentation and interactions will be available on blockchain, a decentralized record-keeping technology that verifies and records transactions securely.
Mr. Rogers favors running high-capacity, high-speed Internet cable into rural areas, which has already created thousands of jobs in digital record keeping, like those at a State Department visa processing center in Williamsburg, Ky., that uses facial-recognition technology.
For a museum, digital record keeping is efficient, but digital communication is problematic.
Digital record keeping has created new challenges: each agency has its own standards; since it consumes less space, the temptation is to avoid discretionary decisions and save more than is needed; electronic records are more subject to tampering; and emerging technology requires curatorial nimbleness.
