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The lateral digital extensor tendon extends the lateral digit (digit IV), the medial digital extensor tendon extends the medial digit (digit III), and the common digital extensor tendon splits in two ends and extends both digits.
The fact that the second digit of the wing (now considered to be digit III in the evolutionary sense) is free and bears a functional claw was once thought (erroneously) to indicate affinities with the reptilian forebears of birds.
In most avian taxa, digit III is longer than digit IV.
The complete basal phalanx of digit III is seen in medial view.
However, within waterbirds, Procellariformes, loons, grebes, penguins, and some Pelecaniformes (though not Fregata and Limnofregata) have a digit IV that is slightly longer than digit III.
Also, contra Livezey and Zuis ([64]: character 2371), digit III is longer than digit IV in Fregata, as is also the case for Limnofregata.
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They have a paraxonic foot, with the axis of symmetry running between digits III and IV (middle finger and the ring finger, or third toe/fourth toe).
The terminal phalanx of digit V is exposed between the intermediate phalanges of digits III and IV.
A more stringent, quantitative diagnosis also includes: length between 11.5 40 cm, metatarsophalangeal pad of digit IV well defined, and angle of divarication between digits III and IV greater than that between digits II and III [41].
In a distal direction, the basal phalanges of digits III and V come so closely together that the distal end of the basal phalanx of digit IV is almost completely covered by them.
The sensor maintained a voltage of less than 0.8 V between the two flat Ag AgCl electrodes of 10 mm diameter placed at the medial phalanges of the digits III and IV of the non-dominant hand.
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