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Titanium, iron and manganese have been noticed in small but uniformly distributed concentrations in the coatings, indicating the probable diffusion of these elements from the substrate.
Due to 2 2.5% Mn and 0.8 1.5% Cr alloying, carbide coarsening is suppressed owing to the slow diffusion of these elements.
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Although a uniform medium continues to exist outside the region immediately surrounding the growing product, the concentration of elements required for growth is reduced in the immediate surroundings by the diffusion of those elements to the product.
In the lung macrophage, this mechanism of intralysosomal concentration and precipitation may prevent the diffusion of these toxic elements through the alveolar membrane.
The overall objective of this study is to minimize the porosity and to foster a diffusion of the elements.
Diffusion-controlled growth is the result of the sluggish diffusion of the elements required for growth of the product of the reaction and is characterized by the presence of a depleted zone that formed around the growing product (Fig. 1).
Keeping this in mind, we performed simulations of the system, incorporating a weak diffusion of the element Y (similar results are obtained if X is weakly diffusing as well).
Diffusion and segregation of these elements appears to have occurred along column boundaries throughout the entire thickness of the TBC (∼125 μm).
Then, three steps are sequentially repeated until the whole lattice reaches a steady state (diagrammatic representation in Figure 2): (1) application of logical rules, (2) diffusion of mobile elements and (3) integration of diffused protein into the GRN inputs for the next updating step according to the logical rules.
He was skeptical of the theory of Kulturkreis ("culture sphere"), which postulates early diffusion of cultural elements from a primeval area of human development.
And both were to exert a great deal of influence on the other social sciences by the beginning of the 20th century: social statistics on sociology and social psychology pre-eminently; social geography on political science, economics, history, and certain areas of anthropology, especially those areas dealing with the dispersion of races and the diffusion of cultural elements.
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