The external force is computed as gradient vector flow (GVF), i.e. the diffusion of the gradient vectors.
We show that expressions which approximate the asymptotic values of the coefficients Keff, Veff, Deff in the dispersion formulation of the vector convective diffusion equation for fully developed lammar flow in a tube with catalytic walls can be derived very simply using an extension of the intuitive procedure of Taylor[1].
where denotes the drift, is the diffusion, and is the vector of (generally unknown) parameters (i.e., the elements of are the stochastic rate constants ).
Climatic changes together with landscape degradation, deforestation and the abandonment of agricultural lands, provoked by war, led to the expansion of swamplands – favouring the diffusion of efficient vectors such as Anopheles labranchiae and the spread of the disease.
Carlos Chagas, who discovered Chagas disease, noted that light is a good defense against the diffusion of the disease because Triatoma, its vector, does not bite in lighted areas (Chagas 1909).
In our numerical solutions of the diffusion equations, we make great use of the vector space of polynomials on the interval [0, 1] with degree bounded by the truncation parameter Λ.
Thus, it is not surprising to find out that ML distribution reflects the natural diffusion of Leishmania vectors either in South America or in the Mediterranean basin [ 10, 12].
Furthermore, an important role is played by vectors, which are largely responsible for the diffusion of the disease and may contribute to the pathogenesis of ML.
Vector A + Vector B = Vector B + Vector A. To subtract, add the "negative" of the vector.
