The proximity of the scar could lead to diffusion of signals and/or more pronounced local activation that promotes this local fibrosis in MIadjacent.
Likewise, the path followed by these cells can be observed in living tissue, as well as in the diffusion of signals through interstitial space, for example, using hydrogen peroxide reporters [ 2].
Within their micron-sized dimensions, dendritic spines restrict the diffusion of signaling molecules and spatially confine the activation of signal transduction pathways.
However, communications via those molecules require the presence of the both sender and receiver species in the same liquid environments or in gel-like setting within a short distance to allow for diffusion of signaling molecules.
Likewise, changes in relative quantities of xylosyltransferases, glucuronyltransferases, galactosyltransferases and glycosyltransferases may also alter biochemical properties and to some extent, the function of these proteoglycans in cell adhesion, receptor activation and long-range diffusion of signaling proteins.
Extracellular space is also discretized into small nonoverlapping domains, allowing for the diffusion of signaling molecules.
The model is based on coupling the diffusion of signal through the viscous sublayer with the simultaneous diffusion and production of signal that occurs within the biofilm itself.
The communication between elements requires no physical contact, and it occurs over the long-range through diffusion of signaling molecules.
In collective migration, endocytosis has been shown to restrict RTK signaling at the leading edge, either by controlling lateral diffusion of signaling molecules or by recycling RTKs to active regions of the plasma membrane at the leading edge.
For example, cellular signaling events may be observed to propagate far faster than simple diffusion of signal molecules through the cytoplasm would allow for, and many stimuli are transduced into multiple different formats, e.g., mechanical stimulation of a cell can provoke the generation of biochemical and bioelectrical signaling events.
This attenuation was expected based on dilution and diffusion of secreted signals; in indirect cocultures, signals from the fibroblasts are diluted in large volumes of media, whereas in direct coculture the dependence on diffusion kinetics and protein stability is reduced.
