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We demonstrate the utility of this dual-crosslinked hydrogel by examining ways to regulate the diffusion of bioactive molecules in the hydrogel and investigating the diffusion-dependent effects on cell behavior.
Apart from structural properties, the dermoepidermal BM has gate-keeping functions which control cell traffic and diffusion of bioactive molecules in both directions.
The changes in cuticular permeability, the ROS production and the diffusion of bioactive molecule(s) through the surface are all hallmarks of such a scenario.
However due to extensive cell proliferation with time, the diffusion of bioactive insulin from cell culture medium might not be sufficient to nourish the interior cells of the scaffold supplemented with external insulin.
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Here, we developed a novel, user-friendly method – Microfluidic Integrated Optical Imaging (micro-IOI) – to quantify the effective diffusion coefficient of bioactive proteins in live tissue samples ex vivo.
The dual-crosslinked hydrogel has a lower diffusivity of bioactive molecules than that of single-crosslinked hydrogel and therefore acts as a diffusion-controlling barrier.
The diffusion of such bioactive molecules in solution should be less easy from humic matrices with larger and more compact conformations [37,38,69].
Structural relaxation of a delivery vehicle has been identified in the literature as a limiting parameter for the controlled diffusion of a bioactive compound.
The altered cuticular permeability might allow the diffusion of a bioactive molecule(s) observed in SMS-treated plants, similarly as in cuticle-defective mutants [ 15].
In addition to good biocompatibility and biofunctionality, these designer functionalized self-assembling peptide scaffolds have 3D nanofiber networks, ~35 nm in fiber diameter with pores between 5 and 200 nm, and contain over 99 wt% water content [ 12, 14– 16, 21, 26], which favors free diffusion of nutrients, bioactive factors, oxygen, and metabolites.
Accordingly, an array of material modifications or microenvironmental controls were developed to influence neuronal behavior, particularly with regard to neurite outgrowth, including the photodegradation of 3D matrices, diffusion or patterning of bioactive agents, aligned physical features, and electrical fields.
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