In this paper, a non-divergence diffusion equation consisting of an impulse noise indicator λ and a regularized Perona Malik (RPM) diffusion operator is proposed for the removal of impulse noise.
It will be shown that, depending on the complicated interaction among the multi-nonlinearity parameters m, p, q, and r, the problem (1.1) admits the critical exponent (r_{c}=frac{pm-q}{p-1}), for which there is some substantial difficulty to be overcome due to the doubly degenerate diffusion of non-divergence in (1.1).
That is, the diffusion coefficient in the divergence part of (6) is replaced by (frac {1}{|nabla u|+epsilon }).
Subgrid-scale dissipation of momentum in numerical models of the large-scale ocean circulation is commonly parameterized as a viscous diffusion resulting from the divergence of a stress tensor of the form σ = A ∇u.
These flames exhibit a convex premixed flame front and a trailing diffusion flame, with flow divergence upstream of the flame, as indicated by the instantaneous OH PLIF, Mie scattering images, and PIV data.
We observe that the system ( DPM α ) is not more than a dissipative transport diffusion equation with non-local divergence-free velocity field (the specific relationship between velocity and temperature as (4) shows).
The derivations are obtained by the divergence theorem, and the diffusion terms in the governing equations on the control surfaces are represented by a two-point related gradient expression.
Although a dense sampling may have its own particular benefits for divergence time and spatial diffusion estimation, full genomes can provide more phylogenetic resolution to unravel individual introductions from populations of closely related strains.
Part of observed differences in the dendritic transcriptome may involve selective neutral phenotypic divergence, either in passive diffusion processes (through modification of the cellular environment) or in species-specific translocation mechanisms.
In subsequent centuries, Turkic underwent further divergence corresponding to its gradual diffusion.
