Teng says previous studies have measured weak, diffuse levels of acid and siderophores when mineral and fungus are put together in the same solution, but none had measured this concentrated release at the fungus-mineral interface.
While the absent or reduced melanin pigment in the fundi was not imaged with polarization contrast in those studies, a similar appearance of the RPE in the fovea centralis – two tightly spaced thin layers rather than one diffuse layer at the level of the RPE (cf. Figs. 4– 6) – was observed [ 47].
For the statistical analysis, the diffuse heterogeneity level and the focal defect level were normalized to zero, a normal level, and one, which was the most abnormal level (i.e., 40 for the 'highest' focal defect level and 10,000 for the highest heterogeneity level).
The diffuse heterogeneity level and the focal defect level were normalized.
Arsenic was entirely absent in skin in mice exposed to UVR + As + organoselenium, but a diffuse low level was seen in the liver.
That being said, dye-sensitised solar panels are less affected by diffuse light levels and shadow from clouds.
Those results confirm that river biofilms are potential indicators of low, diffuse contamination levels of aquatic systems.
To diffuse increased levels of stress around the office, the paper started a new policy allowing employees to bring a dog to work on Mondays and Fridays in exchange for a few dollars towards the Christmas cheer fund.
Six diffuse heterogeneity levels were constructed (σ = 0 for normal subjects, and successively σ = 100, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000 for the six levels of heterogeneity).
The GLCM contrast parameter was the more robust algorithm for quantifying the diffuse heterogeneity levels without an influence from the focal defects.
