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Fifteen or twenty years ago, when writers like David Foster Wallace and Jonathan Franzen argued, in the pages of The Review of Contemporary Fiction and in this magazine, about how novels should be written, they discussed difficulty versus pleasure, and when to gratify or foil readers' desires.
Because both instruments contain three levels, they were dichotomized into two levels: no difficulty versus any difficulty (some or severe difficult).
Variables were dichotomized to "at least some difficulty" versus no difficulty.
At an individual patient level, a difference of eight points represents the ability to climb stairs or run with 'some difficulty' versus with 'great difficulty'.
These data were obtained at baseline and 12, 36, and 48 months of follow-up and coded in terms of having no difficulty versus any difficulty.
Persons were assessed for each domain on the basis of being able to perform activities without difficulty or with minor difficulty, versus able to perform with major difficulty or not able to perform the activity without help from others.
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In addition, there were other interesting differences in the analyses performed by us and Martin et al. In the study of Martin et al., 6% of the images could not be analysed due to technical difficulties versus no technical difficulties in our study.
The second component of the analysis compared the different symptom groups (no sleep difficulty symptoms versus one sleep difficulty symptom versus two or more sleep difficulty symptoms) among those with FM with respect to demographics and health history variables noted above.
The process characteristics which are relevant in this domain are the level of difficulty (standard versus special requests) and the communication channel (synchronous versus a-synchronous requests).
Studies have also differentiated between 'current' infertility (i.e. are you now having difficulty conceiving?) versus 'lifetime' infertility (i.e. have you ever had difficulty conceiving?).
The effect of aging on the capacity to perform fine motor movements is well-established in the experimental literature [29], and the extent of age-related slowing of hand-movements is positively correlated with task-difficulty (coarse versus fine motor performance) [30], [31].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com