To provide the most accurate and timely advice possible, especially about the possible impact of measures designed to control diseases caused by novel human pathogens, we must appreciate the value and difficulty of policy-oriented modeling.
Using top-down econometric approach for aggregate overall benchmarking and a detailed activity analysis model, Integrated Energy System Model, for a few large sectors, provides a unique combination for easing the difficulties of policy formulation.
The difficulties of policy coordination are well-known and are not confined to low- and middle-income settings [ 56].
The diary entries have given a glimpse into the difficulties of policy implementation at the local level, from the perspective of PHC nursing managers.
The applicability of policies affects the difficulty of implementing policy; the more applicable a policy is, the less difficult it is to implement.
This exclusive time for formulation of research questions was designed to overcome the difficulty of translating policy issues into health policy and systems research questions, which required the expertise of researchers.
Inspired by the literature on Item Response Theory and multilevel latent models, the TLRI model treats policy commitment as a latent variable which is estimated conditional on the difficulty of the policy portfolio implemented by each country.
The essential difficulty of monetary policy is that interest rates need to be changed many months before they have any effect on inflation.
Whether out of reticence, ambivalence, tactical calculation or the difficulty of making policy in Washington, the administration's response to the human rights violators it has faced in five years in office has been mealy-mouthed and confusing.
However, the difficulty of translating policies into effective nutrition interventions is well known.
The expulsions underscored the difficulty of implementing policies set as the price of the debt-stricken country's third international bailout.
