The level of QoL of veterans with PTSD in our study was consistent with the results of previous studies, which showed that patients with PTSD had reduced overall QoL [ 4, 6, 36], and difficulties in multiple areas of functioning including family [ 10, 15, 24], psychological health [ 37, 38], physical health [ 13], social [ 12], and occupational functioning and overall well-being [ 11, 14].
The results do not provide evidence for the phenomenon of illusory recovery, that is, an elevated risk for later difficulties relative to level of functioning at age 4. Instead, there is clear evidence for both continuing risk for low normal performance at age 4 regardless of history, and for substantial variability in outcome for children.
However, these studies report some difficulty in a particular area of functioning [33-39] [33-39]
Interestingly Martin and her colleagues [ 16], in studying older adults with chronic knee pain, found that those individuals who reported a high level of difficulty with their physical functioning, yet continued to value this domain of functioning, were more physically active than individuals who reported high level of difficulty and lower value for this domain of functioning.
Attempting to discern which among anomalous behaviors could be best regarded as expressions of conflict or disruption, in the 1982 manuscript behavior is identified by Main as disordered based on the "extent to which such behavior may be indicative of difficulties in functioning" of the attachment system, for instance, by virtue of lacking either "orientation" or "purpose".
As hypothesised, depressed patients according to the BCD, compared to nondepressed patients, had higher scores on the PRIME-MD global self-assessment of the degree of difficulty in functioning due to problems (P=0.0003).
Additionally, depressed patients according to the BCD, compared to nondepressed patients, had significantly higher scores on the PRIME-MD global self-assessment of the degree of difficulty in functioning due to problems.
Higher scores on the global self-assessment of the degree of difficulty in functioning due to problems on the PRIME-MD Poorer ECOG performance status Higher pain scores More advanced/symptomatic disease.
Depressed patients, compared to nondepressed patients, as determined by the BCD, will have: Higher scores on the global self-assessment of the degree of difficulty in functioning due to problems on the PRIME-MD Poorer ECOG performance status Higher pain scores More advanced/symptomatic disease.
For respondents reporting some level of difficulty with functioning, women had higher rates than men (30.9% vs. 22.3%), particularly for those with difficulties with two or more ADLs.
