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Children at risk of developing reading difficulties were defined in several ways.
Psychosocial difficulties were defined according to the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ICFF).
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Learning difficulties was defined by IQ <70 as assessed at 8y by trained psychologists.
Disordering of the step difficulties is defined as the difficulty of the higher- numbered step being lower than its adjacent lower- numbered step.
Learning difficulties are defined as referring to a number of disorders, which may affect the acquisition, organisation, retention, understanding or use of verbal or other information [ 5].
Levels of task difficulty were defined by the Weber fraction, i.e., the compliance difference between the abnormal region and the adjacent, normal region, divided by the compliance of the normal region.
The vocabulary difficulty is defined according to its length.
In test theory, such as CTT and item response theory (IRT), the difficulty is defined as the likelihood of correct responses, not as the perceived difficulty or necessary amount of effort (DeMars 2010).
To allow progression three levels of difficulty are defined.
ADL difficulty was defined as having difficulty with at least one of these three items.
In this study, birth difficulty was defined as any difficulties such as heavy bleeding, strange breech positioning, or asphyxia at the birth.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com