Sentence examples for difficult to neutralize from inspiring English sources

Tier 1 strains are markedly neutralization-sensitive; tier 2 strains are more difficult to neutralize and represent the average neutralization sensitivity of primary HIV isolates including most recently transmitted strains of HIV-C [7].

While without prior sCD4 treatment, JR-FL was difficult to neutralize by sera from all three trials (Fig. 3B), significant neutralizing activities against JR-FL Env pseudotyped viruses upon exposure to sCD4 were found in these sera: 7 out of 12 (58%) from HVTN 203, 10 out of 12 (83%) from HVTN 041, and 20 out of 21 (95%) from DP6-001 with positive neutralizing activities (Fig 3C).

As many of the threats facing amphibians are extremely difficult to neutralize in the short- to medium-term, the chances of ameliorating – let alone reversing – amphibian declines seem very poor.

That view was summed up by a bipartisan report last fall from a federal advisory commission studying national security in the 21st century: Threats to American security will be more diffuse, harder to anticipate and more difficult to neutralize than ever before.

National security threats from non-state actors are just as difficult to neutralize as ones coming from states.

Most biological isolates of HIV are difficult to neutralize, so that conventional subunit-based antibody-inducing vaccines are unlikely to be very effective.

Once this goal has been achieved, immunogens should then be optimized to induce protection against the more difficult-to-neutralize tier 2 viruses that exhibit neutralization sensitivity profiles of typical primary HIV isolates.

Here, we demonstrate the capacity of bivalent HIV-1 mosaic antigens to protect rhesus monkeys against acquisition of infection following heterologous challenges with the difficult-to-neutralize simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-SF162P3.

Protection against acquisition of infection correlated with vaccine-elicited binding, neutralizing, and functional nonneutralizing antibodies, suggesting that the coordinated activity of multiple antibody functions may contribute to protection against difficult-to-neutralize viruses.

In chronic infection, HIV-1 escape mutants repopulate the plasma, and V3 and CD4bs nAbs emerge that can neutralize heterologous tier 1 easy-to-neutralize but not tier 2 difficult-to-neutralize HIV-1 isolates.

Consensus Envs elicited the most potent responses, but neutralized only a subset of viruses, including mostly easy-to-neutralize tier 1 and some more-difficult-to-neutralize tier 2 viruses.