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It is very difficult to decode the bitstream without the knowledge of the state index used to initialize the MQ coder.
Second, multicast configuration in[13, 14] can have the users difficult to decode the received bits properly due to following reasons: In order to robustly multicast a common service to multiple users, transmission parameters, e.g., transmit power and MCS, have to be decided according to the worst channel quality of the users.
It is difficult to decode the expected information z2(k) if we cannot subtract the self-information s1(k) from y1(k) when μ is unknown, due to the lack of CSI at S1. Therefore, we propose a three-step approach in the single-differential detection for TWR with carrier offsets: step 1, the self-information of μ s1(k) is subtracted from y1 k), the most important step in the whole detection procedure.
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Some tweets are clearly difficult to decode, making the reader aware that a message is being hidden; others can be understood as "social steganography" where the message is hidden in "plain sight".
"The Musharraf Mysteries" (editorial, Dec. 27) says that "Pakistani politics are difficult to decode" and that the immediate challenge is to "discover what is really going on there".
Kelley's private language is difficult to decode but essential to the book, and so a determined reader must soldier on, grateful that "dunfords" is, at least, short by comparison with "Finnegans Wake".
Nervous Translation from the Filipino artist and film-maker Shireen Seno (a former stills photographer for Lav Diaz) is a challenging film for the head and the heart, difficult to decode and to respond to emotionally.
This reviewer, who is unfamiliar with the Hamburg Notation System, found the modified use of the HamNoSys difficult to decode.
Because of the intermixing of ligand- and receptor-expressing cells it has proven difficult to decode transcriptional events specifically occurring in the receptor-expressing cells.
The malaria genome has been particularly difficult to decode because of its unusual chemical sequence, which for the most part uses just two of the four letters in the DNA alphabet.
And even if an employee goes to the trouble of getting the numbers, they are difficult to decode.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com