Cyclosporiasis continues to be a difficult emerging infectious disease to understand.
Moving from genetic discovery to direct clinical relevance has not been as difficult for infectious disease as it has been for many other diseases, perhaps because there is a relatively detailed understanding of the immune system.
Recent modeling studies generally support school closure and confinement in the home as an effective means of reducing overall attack rates within communities when coupled with antiviral prophylaxis, but predicting the effect of closing schools and workplaces is difficult, since infectious individuals may be displaced into other settings[ 47, 51, 52].
Although history and physical examination may provide important clues, it is often difficult to discriminate infectious from non-infectious causes of joint inflammation [ 6, 11].
It is extremely difficult to kill infectious prions that have come into contact with surgical instruments, yet some hunter who is "tired, cold, hungry and drunk" will cut off a deer head, handle the animal's spinal cord and "stick his hunting knife back into his scabbard," he said.
Post-disaster official reporting mechanisms could have been disrupted, which would have made it difficult to detect infectious disease outbreaks.
It can be difficult to differentiate between infectious and non-infectious etiology as the cause of ARDS in its early stages.
However, it is difficult to differentiate between infectious causes and non-infectious causes of systemic inflammatory responses because of chronic elevation of inflammatory markers and nonspecific clinical symptoms that are common among patients with CKD [ 4, 5].
Negativity and uncertainty are corrosive; positivity, although often difficult to muster, is infectious.
Pacing advent of new resistance mechanisms in this microorganism exists, rendering treatment of infectious disease difficult.
