The focus is less on testing and more on giving students difficult, multi-disciplinary tasks and projects, and encouraging kids to find answers to problems on their own.
Inter-disciplinary integration was, however, difficult both because of ongoing disciplinary activities and institutional structure.
Far too many women who report their attackers are then victimized by complaint systems that are difficult to navigate and disciplinary proceedings that are stacked against them.
But the lawyers for Mr. Wiese, 38, and Mr. Bruder, 34, said they believed that the department would have a difficult time pursuing a disciplinary case against their clients because they believed the statute of limitations for some of the administrative violations with which the former officers might be charged had expired.
This covers the 13 submarines in the service, but it can be difficult to contrast the disciplinary records of the various vessels without knowing their schedules and extent of times at sea.
And it requires working across disciplinary boundaries, often difficult given academia's focus on disciplinary expertise.
He said Ms. Cheng's predicament was made more difficult by the university's disciplinary rules, under which a student can base an appeal only on the mishandling of an investigation -- not on the facts.
"Given this evidence, it is difficult to comprehend that the disciplinary panel has seen fit to effectively punish the club even more heavily than Mr Whyte".
It rewards tackling the sort of interdisciplinary problems that are increasingly important for students' professional futures but are often difficult to undertake from traditional disciplinary towers.
However, as the study went to argue, such universal, trans-disciplinary aims are difficult both to assess and to translate into pedagogical practice.
