Because standard deviations of both the independent and the dependent variables are used to convert unstandardized into standardized coefficients, differing standard deviations may lead to unequal standardized coefficients between groups, even in the case of equal unstandardized coefficients.
Indeed, even if models are specified such that structural paths are constrained to be equal between groups, the comparison of standardized coefficients can yield artificial differences that are due to differing standard deviations between groups and not to true moderation.
Figure 5 shows cyclic voltammograms obtained for a series of cations with differing standard Gibbs energies of transfer, which are present in both aqueous phases (except CrV+), with a full series of analyzed species including anions given in the Supporting Information, S-6).
Despite this, the recent evolution of many new and differing standard schemes is considered a major obstacle, creating difficulties for project developers and buyers to select appropriate standards.
Numerical dating methods in Quaternary science are faced with the need to adequately visualise data consisting of estimates that have differing standard errors.
A concentration-dependent relationship was observed for the dry spiking method which was comparable with both matrices, but the differing standard deviations resulted in NOEC values of 50 mg/kg dm for spiked food and < 50 mg/kg dm for spiked soil.
