Extensive length polymorphism in these tracts is caused by differing motif copy number, ranging from four (DS-04, 32 bp) to 51 copies (QD-07, 408 bp) between individuals, and from four (DS-04, 32 bp) to 26 copies (DS-04, 208 bp) within individuals.
However, many non-homologous proteins share molecular function as a result of convergent evolution, [91] and variations can produce enzymes with similar function but differing sequence motifs [92].
Thirty-eight entries were identified where matching primer sequences (forward and reverse) were found but with differing repeat motifs reported (19 primers total).
In this research, we designed and genetically engineered three novel rBCVs with similar sequences that differed in motifs arrangement and motif abundance: MPG-2H1, 2TMPG-2H1 and 2RMPG-2H1.
This is compared to an element/motif approach and applied to a data set of Lapita archaeological ceramics from Fiji and Tonga, regions that are known to share motifs, but differ in motif application and layout.
The differences observed between the two curves likely reflect the lack of experimental data for mononucleotides at certain repeat numbers (5 7, 9), as well as fluctuations due to the limited number of TRs differing in motif composition examined experimentally at repeat numbers 8 and 10.
The motif region significantly differed among motif lengths (H = 28.4, P < 0.0001), but there was no consistent trend or relationship across the motif lengths (see Table 2, Fig. 4).
When comparing the different motifs, motif C4 differs noticeably between LCL and DCL subtypes.
These were separated into two groups, one with consensus motifs 8 bp long or shorter, and the other with longer consensus motifs, because PhyloGibbs-MP cannot handle differing lengths of motifs and, while robust to small variations, will show inferior performance with highly varying motif sizes.
The rate of loss and/or formation of hydrogen bonds can differ among motifs (AT maybe more mutable because fewer H bonds must be broken).
