Barrett's shows the proliferative and stem cell architecture, and pattern of gene expression of pyloric gastric glands, maintained by stem cells showing gastric and intestinal differentiation: neutral drift may suggest that intestinal differentiation advances with time, a concept critical for the understanding of the origin and development of Barrett's oesophagus.
Expression of ciliated cells on the apical membrane and expression of MUC5AC, a marker of mucous differentiation, increased with time.
Date randomisation tests revealed differentiation associated with time, i.e. there is a detectable correlation between genetic distance and temporal distance.
We found evidence for slight isolation by distance in modern populations, as well as differentiation associated with time, both of which can likely be attributed to random genetic drift.
We detected signals of isolation by distance (in modern control region samples), as well as differentiation associated with time, but we did not detect any evidence for a historical bottleneck or for phylogeographical structure within Europe.
GSE3231 and GSE2972 have 66 arrays: these two datasets profiled 11-time-points gene expression of V6.5 and R1 ES cells under undirected differentiation, with each time point measured as triplicate and each repeat using two arrays (MOE430A and MOE430B) to cover the whole genome.
TGF-beta dependent induction of EMT via SMADs pathway increased its significance during differentiation, with, over time, an increase of down-regulated genes (i.e., occludin, fibronectin).
Interestingly, in mouse ESCs, a hyper-acetylated state is reached both in neural and cardiac differentiation with different time courses, being clearly visible at day 8 and 10 in neural and cardiac differentiation, respectively.
Interestingly, the differentiation potential decreased with time in culture in a lineage-specific manner.
Under ongoing gene flow, population differentiation should decrease with time since founding [ 8, 16].
