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The Rst value was comparable, but slightly higher (0.037), suggesting that Fst slightly underestimated genetic differentiation when compared to Rst.
Population structure of African and Spanish goats was moderate (mean FST = 0.07), with the exception of the Canarian and South African breeds that displayed a significant differentiation when compared to goats from North Africa and Nigeria.
On day 7, ALP assay showed that MWCNT-COOH (mean ± SD 0.98 ± 0.26 U/μg of protein) enhanced cell differentiation when compared to the uncoated group (p = 0.05).
Loci under strong balancing selection, such as the complementary sex-determination gene, show lower values of genetic differentiation when compared to neutral loci [39].
Morphologically, self-renewing cultures of both Tim-knockdown ES cell lines exhibited less spontaneous differentiation when compared to wild-type ES cells (Figs. 3 & 4A).
The designer peptide scaffolds with functional motifs not only significantly improve mouse neural stem cell survival, but also enhance their differentiation when compared to the non-functionalized self-assembling sequence RADA16.
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The DVC paradigm offers a number of major differentiations when compared to conventional coding.
One recent study showed that BMSCs are more responsive to bone morphogenetic protein-12 (BMP-12) stimulation and hence exhibited superior tenogenic differentiation capacity when compared to ADSCs (Dai et al. 2015).
Nevertheless, BMP-6 had reduced differentiation potency when compared to BMP-2 and BMP-2/6 (2.6% at 10 ng/ml and 13.6% at 100 ng/ml).
In addition, iPS-derived vascular and blood cells showed decreased growth and differentiation efficiency when compared to their hES-derived counterparts and retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from iPS underwent senescence more rapidly than cells derived from hES cells [4].
Similar to their mouse counterparts, low MP cells were characterized by enrichment of HPSC associated stem cell markers and diminished lineage differentiation markers when compared to high MP cells (Fig. 3f and g, respectively).
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