Strong population genetic differentiation is maintained between R. pomonella and R. zephyria, despite a gross hybridization rate (∼1.44%) that should lead to the eventual erosion of differentiation at equilibrium.
Although postnatally this action maintains the quiescence of muscle satellite cells, the prenatal role is more complex and depends on the environmental context during development, with signalling by myostatin ensuring that a balance between proliferation and differentiation is maintained [19].
For example, the balance between stemness and differentiation is maintained by the reciprocal regulation miR-145 and the embryonic stem cell genes NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4 [77]– [81].
Importantly, the ability for oligodendroglial differentiation is maintained after transplantation.
Temperature was maintained between 2°C 8°C.
Following heavy eutrophication, despite evidence of increased neutral gene flow and low microsatellite FST values similar to Biel and Neuchâtel [ 8], a higher number of candidate loci was found and relatively high phenotypic differentiation has been maintained between L. Zuerich species, despite much more severe levels of pollution relative to Neuchâtel.
Secondly, that upon secondary contact, morphological differentiation (other than throat colour) is maintained between S-RED and BLUE, whereas N-RED and S-RED remain morphogically indistinguishable.
This contrasts with the 'closed' plan of animals, where growth and ramification (more evidently of cell lineages rather than of organs) are internal, within the soma, first within the embryo and later continuing into the adult organism, where a constant kinetic balance is maintained between cell proliferation, differentiation, and aging accompanied by cell loss.
This broad spectrum of Kv channels was maintained during differentiation.
The significant differentiation between all pair-wise comparisons was maintained for the adjusted mean scores of 17.3 (mild), 21.3 (moderate), and 25.3 (severe) (P<0.0001).
