Exact(22)
While iPS cells have been shown to differentiate into cardiomyocytes for cardiac repair, the cardiomyocyte differentiation ratio is as low as that of ES cells [18].
Note that differences in profits only depend on the number of firms and the differentiation ratio.
This occurs for every (n) and every value in the differentiation ratio.
Then, if the efficiencies are larger after a vertical merger, such type of mergers will be proposed in a larger range of the differentiation ratio.
However, the socially optimal merger maintains basically the same pattern with some variations in the ranges for the differentiation ratio required to clear vertical mergers.
This is because all the stations in a specific location cannot use more bandwidth than its allocated amount, which is decided by a given service differentiation ratio.
Similar(38)
Standardized NRY/mtDNA genetic differentiation ratios were thus larger than unstandardized ratios for patrilocal human tribal groups but not for chimpanzees.
This resulted in a smaller difference between chimpanzees and patrilocal human tribal groups in standardized compared to unstandardized NRY/mtDNA genetic differentiation ratios.
Whatever the reason for the discrepancy between unstandardized and standardized NRY/mtDNA genetic differentiation ratios, standardized NRY and mtDNA genetic differentiation were still more strongly contrasting in chimpanzees than in patrilocal human tribal groups.
Taken together, these data indicate that the sex difference in effective population size is similar in chimpanzees and humans, and that another factor must explain why standardized NRY/mtDNA genetic differentiation ratios are more similar between chimpanzees and patrilocal human tribal groups compared to unstandardized ratios.
The more similar standardized than unstandardized NRY/mtDNA genetic differentiation ratios between chimpanzees and patrilocal human tribal groups suggest that in addition to differences in the extent of female-biased migration, other factors which reduce NRY relative to mtDNA within-group variation have affected chimpanzees more strongly than the patrilocal human tribal groups.
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