To investigate whether JunB deficiency has a direct influence on fat cell differentiation or on the expression of lipolytic enzymes in vitro, we stably silenced JunB in 3T3-L1 cells using lentiviral shRNA.
To evaluate whether DCA has an effect on differentiation, the expression of the stem cell marker nestin and the lineage-specific differentiation markers GFAP (astrocytes), Tuj (neurons) and Rip (oligodendrocyte) were analyzed in control and DCA-treated glioma spheroids and NSCs.
However, it has also been proposed that the dual role of NO in the control of ESC differentiation might depend on the expression of NO-signalling components rather than on the differential expression of NOS isoforms during this period of development.
A part of our results agree with those in a recent report presenting a simple linear differentiation model based on the expression of CD94 [7].
Furthermore, this second phase of differentiation is dependent on the expression of mef2cb, analogous to the second heart field marker mef2c seen in the mouse (Lazic and Scott, 2011).
In order to test for a possible effect on keratinocyte differentiation, the expression of a panel of genes differentially expressed in the various layers of the epidermis was explored at the mRNA level by quantitative real-time PCR.
To determine whether the lack of an increase in the proportion of benzidine-positive cells is associated with an inhibitory effect on other erythroid differentiation parameters, the expression of transferrin receptor (trfR) and glycophorin A (GYPA) was determined by FACS analysis in K562 cells and K562 BCL11A-XL) clone 12 cells treated with HU and MTH for 4 days.
To further confirm the effects of NCS on cell differentiation, the expression of selected Arabidopsis GAL4 enhancer trap transactivation line J0121 in the meristem zone was investigated.
Changes in chondrogenic differentiation were measured based on the expression of specific marker genes.
Similar to other reports (Colleoni et al. 2011, 2012; Stummann et al. 2009) using targeted neural differentiation of hESCs to model human neural development and to assess neural-specific impact of toxicants, we developed here a 3-D model to assess nanotoxicity to neural cell differentiation and showed impact on the expression of genes crucial to neural development.
