The influence of growth factors and three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices on TESI has been studied both in vitro and in vivo, and positive growth effects on tissue mass and differentiation were noted.
In the latter case, the degree of differentiation was noted.
A representative mix of histologies and differentiation was noted in our data set.
No association of cytoplasmic LDH-5 expression with histology (adenocarcinomas vs squamous cell carcinomas) or histological differentiation was noted.
Several other peaks of differentiation were noted from the Sashin Creek FST outlier analysis, namely Omy4, Omy8, Omy12, Omy14, and Omy22.
Upregulated gene expression for growth factors, cytokines, WNT, Notch, TGF-Beta pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation were noted in cornea.
Poor differentiation was noted to be an adverse prognostic feature in two of the included studies, 26 49 with the presence of perineural invasion being significantly associated with a worse outcome in one of the series.
Although transplantation of ES-NS in the pyloric muscle layer of wild type mice showed adequate survival of grafted cells at 1 week, no markers of terminal differentiation were noted.
Suppression of adipogenic differentiation was noted by decrease of genes related to lipid binding, lipid transport and diacylglycerol binding including representative genes, such as FABP-4 (aP-2) [ 60, 61] and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) [ 62].
An inverse relation between increased nuclear perimeter and loss of differentiation was noted in our study where we found a progressive increase in nuclear perimeter at invasive front from well differentiated to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
