In this integrated model, the rule for differentiation was maintained between committed cells and corneocytes (as we previously published for our 2D model of keratinocyte colony formation) as in vivo there are gradients of many differentiation related signals.
Although postnatally this action maintains the quiescence of muscle satellite cells, the prenatal role is more complex and depends on the environmental context during development, with signalling by myostatin ensuring that a balance between proliferation and differentiation is maintained [19].
For example, the balance between stemness and differentiation is maintained by the reciprocal regulation miR-145 and the embryonic stem cell genes NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4 [77]– [81].
Secondly, that upon secondary contact, morphological differentiation (other than throat colour) is maintained between S-RED and BLUE, whereas N-RED and S-RED remain morphogically indistinguishable.
This contrasts with the 'closed' plan of animals, where growth and ramification (more evidently of cell lineages rather than of organs) are internal, within the soma, first within the embryo and later continuing into the adult organism, where a constant kinetic balance is maintained between cell proliferation, differentiation, and aging accompanied by cell loss.
Following heavy eutrophication, despite evidence of increased neutral gene flow and low microsatellite FST values similar to Biel and Neuchâtel [ 8], a higher number of candidate loci was found and relatively high phenotypic differentiation has been maintained between L. Zuerich species, despite much more severe levels of pollution relative to Neuchâtel.
Skin tissue homeostasis is maintained by a balance between the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs).
In mammals, intestinal homeostasis is maintained by the balance between intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, directed differentiation, and removal of dead cells in adults [ 1].
