As shown in Table 1, mass spectrometry signals responsible for differentiation were characterised by the values of the VIPs (where a VIP value of >1 is regarded as significant) from the PLS-DA analysis [4].
Those tumours with HF differentiation were characterised by high expression of both nuclear VDR and nuclear β-catenin, particularly within the aberrant follicles (Figure 5D).
Later stages of cone differentiation are characterised by enrichment of opsin in their outer segments.
Differentiation was characterised by flattening of the cells, formation of brush borders (epithelium-like structure) on apical HT-29 cell surface and tight junctions between adjacent cells.
Here, we focus on chondrogenic differentiation, which is characterised by a sequence of intermediate developmental stages, including cell condensation, proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophy [ 10].
Our analyses suggest that the epithelial differentiation state is characterised by high levels of calretinin, MIF/CD74, podoplanin (D2-40) and the inhibitor of Akt signalling pathway PTEN and low level of periostin.
Within the mTEC lineage, the diversity and the level of pGE increase with terminal differentiation, which is characterised by the upregulation of CD80 and MHC class II (MHCII) and the induction of the autoimmune regulator (Aire).
The differentiation status of cells is characterised not only by marker localisation but also by marker expression levels.
Unexpectedly, whilst the temporal distributional variation that provides evidence for intra-specific allopatric differentiation in T. speciosissima is characterised by habitat contractions during the LGM (also evident for its northern sister species, T. aspera), the circumstances are reversed for the two southern taxa.
Consistent with these results and in agreement with already published data, NSC derived in vitro from hESCs also exhibit strong 5-hmC staining, which does not disappear or decline after 18 days of neuronal differentiation, but differentiation of progenitors towards oligodendrocyte lineages is characterised by the progressive loss of 5-hmC staining (data not shown).
