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An important feature of both models was the possibility to derive population-specific differentiation estimates [18].
Within continents, most population comparisons do not yield large differentiation estimates (Table S1, Table S2, Table S3).
In addition to traditional FST based genetic differentiation estimates, we use the recently developed standardized measure of genetic differentiation [18], [19].
With the exception of those comparisons made between high latitude populations of F. p. tundrius (see below), we remain cautious and resist equating reported population differentiation estimates with actual relative degree of differentiation between populations [e.g., 55,94 96].
This result indicates a non-significant effect of null alleles on genetic differentiation estimates.
Genetic differentiation estimates were assessed between all continental pairs using adegenet R package (Jombart 2008).
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Second, we developed a European eel-specific model to unravel the demographic mechanisms that can produce the level of genetic differentiation estimated by molecular markers.
Despite the weak genetic differentiation among sites, a significant pattern of isolation-by-distance using F ST (genetic differentiation estimate) and Median Oceanographic Distance and Median Oceanographic Transport Time was found (Table S2, Fig. 4).
Genetic differentiation estimated through FST is a measurement of allele frequency differences.
In our study, the interspecific differentiation estimated by FST between Q. liaotungensis and Q. mongolica was slightly higher for AFLP (FST_inter = 0.093) than for SSR (θ_inter = 0.049), in line with findings for Q. robur and Q. petraea by Mariette et al. [75] (but see [76]).
A genetic differentiation estimate was calculated.
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