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Turnover is expected to increase genetic differentiation among populations when colonisers into each population originate from differentiated sources (propagule-pool model) [ 10].
Crossing between these differentiated sources can be used to enlarge genetic diversity in rapeseed breeding programmes.
However, it is also possible that the lack of an expansion signal indicates there have been multiple introductions into Southeast Asia from several genetically differentiated sources.
Alternatively, the arrival of new alleles after a bottleneck event via immigration also can drive increased FST among populations when immigrants originate from differentiated sources [ 14, 44].
By contrast, snails from south and west Iberia that exhibit genetic similarities with north African individuals would have originated from more highly differentiated sources, probably Europe and north Africa.
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Accordingly, the significant FIS values found within populations C and D may stem from a Wahlund effect involving the resurgence of genetically differentiated seed sources rather than as a consequence of the mating system, which was found to be highly outcrossing compared with populations A and B (see below).
This suggests that introduction events may have been less frequent and involved a lower number of differentiated source populations and/or individuals (i.e. lower propagule pressure), possibly leading to lower population sizes and more genetic drift (but only the Beijing population seems to have undergone a recent bottleneck).
Researchers have studied only 1 source at a time and have not differentiated among the sources.
Despite this potential pipeline of differentiated hardware, our source suggested that, for now at least, Snap is working on releasing glasses as its follow-up to the original Spectacles.
Despite this potential pipeline of differentiated hardware, our source suggested that, for now at least, Snap is working on releasing glasses as its follow-up to the original Spectacles.
While unsupervised hierarchical clustering using all features did not segregate cancer and non-cancer samples, PCA analysis of all features for each sera source differentiated between cancer and non-cancer samples (Figures S1 S3).
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