For example, the differentiation route of liver progenitor cells to pancreatic beta cells, which is already reported (34), is determined by successively following the links from 'liver progenitor cell (stem cell ID 802, Figure 4a top) to hepatocyte (differentiated cell ID 160032, Figure 4a bottom)' and from 'hepatocyte to pancreatic beta cell (differentiated cell ID 150041, Figure 4a right)'.
Stem cells transit along a variety of lineage-specific routes towards differentiated phenotypes.
All the resultant cells expressed pluripotency markers and robustly differentiated along the endoderm lineage route.
Similarly, Gill et al. (2009) utilized a firefly luciferase-expressing variant of the murine gammaherpesvirus Murid herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4) to investigate the relationship between viral thymidine kinase (TK), a gene classically essential for lytic replication in terminally differentiated cells, and host entry route.
We modeled replication in humans (respiratory and ocular routes) by inoculating differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) or primary human ocular cells (cornea and trabecular meshwork) with Env/9306 (multiplicity of infection 0.01) (Technical Appendix).
We analyze the behavior of airlines in terms of route structure choice using a differentiated duopoly model that accounts for congestion externalities, passenger benefits from increased frequency, passenger connecting costs and airline endogenous hub location.
Asymmetric cell divisions are a major route for stem cells to give rise to differentiated cells while simultaneously maintaining a stem cell population.
It is now becoming accepted that a faster route to realising the potential of hPSCs and their differentiated derivatives is through in vitro application, particularly in drug safety assessment and in providing novel models of genetic disease.
This age-differentiated study investigated preferences for new digital, situation-adaptive escape route signage with informative and flashing elements under simulated emergency conditions of tilted passenger ships.
Routes (2) and (3) were unequivocally established by Ulbrich and Zenk in several differentiated plants and undifferentiated cell suspension cultures [ 27].
