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The comparison of our data with the transcriptional profile of the genes that are differentially expressed in the basal and differentiated layers of the epidermis suggests that TGF-β/phospho-Smad pathway-induced transcription profile fades along the epidermal differentiation axis.
The basic concept of Gibanica, a cake or pie involving a combination of pastry with cheese in differentiated layers often combined with layers of various other fillings, is common in the cuisines of the Balkans, Anatolia, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
TLR9 was also expressed in the differentiated layers of HPV-positive cervical epithelial neoplasias (Fig. S3).
Although the Ets1 transgene was expressed in the more differentiated layers of the epidermis (upper spinous and granular layers), the PCNA and Ki67 labeling was mainly associated with less differentiated layers (basal and lower spinous layers).
Strikingly, its expression was moderate and patchy in the basal layer and spread and increased in differentiated layers (Fig. 4a and Fig. S1a,b).
Intense RNase 7 immunoreactivity was present in all epidermal layers of the skin with an intensification of the upper more differentiated layers, especially within stratum corneum.
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In the superficial differentiated layer of the urothelium, the umbrella cells, high CK8 expression was observed.
Unlike these cells, the syncytiotrophoblast, the outer differentiated layer of placental villi, appeared completely negative for this protein.
To this end, two different cell populations characterize the villous trophoblast: an inner proliferative layer, the cytotrophoblast, that displays highly proliferative and invasive properties and an outer differentiated layer, the syncytiotrophoblast, displaying various functions necessary to the maintenance of pregnancy and foetal growth with little potential for proliferation [ 39].
New observations include the subplate emerging as a discrete differentiated layer by 10 PCW, characterized by synaptophysin and vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter expression also seen in the marginal zone, suggesting that these compartments may maintain a spontaneously active synaptic network even before the arrival of thalamocortical afferents.
As previously demonstrated [ 11, 12], these two cell lines show a different degree of differentiation and express cytokine patterns typical of either less differentiated basal layers of epidermis (NCTC 2544) or more differentiated superficial layers of epidermis (HaCaT).
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