All sexually differentiated female fish had an ovarian cavity (female reproductive duct), as expected.
The frequencies of ovarian cavities or femalelike reproductive ducts in sexually differentiated male fish are shown in Figure 2A.
Hence, the juvenile stage studied here is useful to study the transition of life histories from non-differentiated larval fish [ 29] to adult dwarf and normal whitefish with pronounced differential adaptation [ 13].
The dynamics and trafficking of hematopoietic and differentiated cells in fish are, nonetheless, far from being fully understood.
To determine whether expression is compatible with nucleolar association, we analyzed expression of the active paternal alleles in Eed−/− TS cells and differentiated derivatives by RNA FISH, together with Kcnq1ot1 RNA FISH.
At 300 dph the incidences of duct feminization in fish sexually differentiated with male germ cells were 4.5, 25, and 100% for the 20, 40, and 80% effluent-exposed groups, respectively.
We then produced several small injuries at the boundary between the CMZ and the differentiated retina, treated the fish with IdU overnight and grew them for three additional weeks (scheme in Fig. 7H).
Whilst the existence of functionally differentiated dendritic cells in fish is still controversial [ 53, 54], the mammalian leukocyte response outlined for IL-8 and MMP 9 seems to be conserved in teleosts, although the exact pattern of organ distribution, the intensity of gene regulation and the voluble species-specific expression of IL-8 in fish HK remains obscure [ 55, 56].
10.7554/eLife.00036.007 Figure 2. Generation of iPSC-like cells from differentiated cells of mouse, birds, fish, and Drosophila using the mouse transcription factors.
