The level of expression, as assessed by immunostaining, was no more than moderate, and was generally higher in differentiated elements.
Radiation appeared to act by inducing de novo differentiated elements.
The combined treatment (ionising radiation and N,N-dimethylformamide) resulted in an additive increase in the proportion of myosin-positive cells, approaching 25-35%, but de novo differentiated elements were not increased above the levels obtained with irradiation alone.
In vascular plants, photoassimilates are transported through differentiated sieve elements (SEs) in the phloem forming a network of sieve tubes throughout the plant [ 1].
This study demonstrates the differential use of TH DNA regulatory elements in proliferating, undifferentiated and nonproliferating, differentiated immortalized neuronal cells.
In "Crystal Palace" (2002, revised 2011), in what he calls an ode to "digital interlace," he disassembles a landscape of majestic snow-wreathed conifers at Lake Tahoe (and, briefly, a red house) into sharply differentiated parts and visual planes, isolating these elements in a way that brings to mind the individual layers of a paper diorama.
By studying the effect of potential regulatory elements in both undifferentiated and differentiated states, we will be able to gain a better understanding of the regulation of Olig2.
We found that ERRα was bound in the vicinity of the UCP1 enhancer element in differentiated adipocytes from the fMSC 9+4 isolate but not the last coding exon, which we tested as a negative control.
ANK is also known to preserve the differentiated chondrocyte phenotype (a critical element in the development of both DDD and osteoarthritis).
The CR4 enhancer is a 146-bp fragment of the mouse DE element that recruits the Oct4, Sox2, and Sp1 transcription factors and recapitulates the regulation of the DE element in pluripotent and differentiated cell lines (Okumura-Nakanishi et al., 2005).
