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Undifferentiated and differentiated dendritic cells (uDC and dDC, respectively), derived from the bone marrow, were studied in vitro and in vivo.
Differentiated dendritic cells are presented with the tumor biopsy and then reintroduced in the patient, thereby promoting T-cell aggregation and elimination of tumor cells.
In contrast, Standard DCs were larger in size and had long motile cytoplasmic processes ('veils') typical of terminally differentiated dendritic cells.
Peripheral self-antigens gain access to the thymus by both the blood supply and by differentiated dendritic cells that migrate from the periphery to the thymus [ 68].
Fresh rhIL-4 and rhGM-CSF was added on day 3. On day 6, purity of differentiated dendritic cells was assessed by light microscopy and by flow cytometry (CD14-Cy5, CD11c-PE, CD83-FITC; BeCoulteroulter).
Whilst the existence of functionally differentiated dendritic cells in fish is still controversial [ 53, 54], the mammalian leukocyte response outlined for IL-8 and MMP 9 seems to be conserved in teleosts, although the exact pattern of organ distribution, the intensity of gene regulation and the voluble species-specific expression of IL-8 in fish HK remains obscure [ 55, 56].
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A commentary on particle-based vaccine formulations for transcutaneous immunization (Mittal, p) is featured in the category Technologies, and another commentary related to Immunotherapy discusses interleukin-15-differentiated dendritic cells as vaccine candidates for cancer immunotherapy (Anguille, p).
Whereas the identity and source of Wnt ligands that signal to T cells in vivo remain to be elucidated, it has been shown that macrophages and in vitro-differentiated dendritic cells can produce Wnt7b and Wnt5a, respectively, and that multiple Wnt transcripts including Wnt1, 2B, 4, 5A and 8B are detected in vascular endothelial cells.
These CD34+ cells differentiated into dendritic cells that were able to present tetanus toxoid to autologous T-cells.
Monocytes cultured with endothelium differentiated into dendritic cells within 2 days, particularly after phagocytosing particles in subendothelial collagen.
Collected CD14+ cells were further differentiated into dendritic cells.
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