Pluripotent stem cells have an ability to self-renew, yet can also be induced to differentiate into a wide range of differentiated cell types.
iPSCs and hESCs generally differentiate into a heterogeneous mix of differentiated cell types and undifferentiated cells in vitro.
In addition, lineage-restricted stem cells unlike terminally differentiated cell types can undergo in situ differentiation and will therefore integrate better into the recipient target tissue.
Note that differentiation can lead to any one of the differentiated cell types, with probabilities commensurate with the tissue composition.
As seen in other differentiated cell types, several TAFs are down-regulated upon motor neuron differentiation.
Bivalency is not only resolved during differentiation but is also established in a step-wise manner in differentiated cell types.
Furthermore, differentiation of eNCSCs is asynchronous and therefore multipotent progenitor cells coexist with differentiated cell types [ 30].
Third, the malleability of cellular identity has availed the possibility of generating β cells from other differentiated cell types.
The kidney is a complex organ that consists of at least 26 differentiated cell types.
These BE cells may be a novel source of differentiated cell types for liver engineering.
When implanted into mice, the cells generated a ball of tissue containing multiple differentiated cell types, a standard test for cell pluripotency.
