Previous studies based on differentials reported the presence of eight pathogenic races (races 0, 1B/C1B/C, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) in Foc based on disease reactions on a set of differential chickpea cultivars [ 4, 24].
If the socioeconomic uptake differentials reported from pilot screening trials in Scotland continue within the nationally coordinated programme, an initial attenuation of the incidence inequalities reported here can be expected because of detection of prevalent cases in screening participants.
Further, the use of hospital control subjects tends to reduce differential report on diet (B DA et al, 1996).
It is possible, however, that participants had previously tested their water for arsenic and this knowledge may have resulted in differential report of maternal symptoms.
Reduction of under-reporting and differential reporting (if it does exist) would require increased awareness of community health practitioners about the potential usefulness of surveillance data and therefore the need to improve their quality.
Limitations of the Betaseron Pregnancy Registry include the potential for under-reporting or differential reporting of outcomes due to the exclusion of retrospective patients and the voluntary nature of participation.
A possible explanation for the lack of demonstrated impact on women's behavioural outcomes is differential reporting bias that is, under-reporting of sexual activity at baseline with those who went through Stepping Stones becoming more forthright.
If such differential reporting exists, the use of self-reported questions to establish health literacy level may lead to biased treatment, or overlook the need, of certain patient groups.
Thus minor local side effects and minor systemic reactions are by design likely to be under-reported and recorded, with the additional possibility of differential reporting between exposed and unexposed groups.
Differential reporting of sharing practices could result in residual confounding which would affect any reported association.
