After differential conditioning trials in which an odor was paired with sucrose solution and another odor was presented without pairing with sucrose solution, sucrose-associated odor induced an increase in the level of salivation, but the odor presented alone did not.
This equalisation should reduce any potential bias due to beliefs that the reviewers may have about the effect of the intervention on outcome (i.e. misclassifications are non-differential across trial arms).
Note that this connectivity analysis refers to the correlation between regions across the whole time series, not differential connectivity between trial types: It is independent of whether particular trials display direct gaze, averted gaze, or null events.
While there is little evidence of differential misreporting between trial arms in smoking intervention studies 28, a risk of bias remains.
Definition of new subgroups of patients within the endocrine non-responsive population of the CASA trial, differential responsiveness patterns to tamoxifen or to exemestane by hormone receptors and HER-2/ neu for patients in the STP trials, and the evaluation of several angiogenesis and stromal markers in the CM-Maintenance trial are ongoing or planned.
In theory, saccade-related collicular activity could be influenced by differential activity overlap from trial to trial.
In cancer screening trials differential misclassification may arise from two well-known sources of potential death certificate bias.
Initially, investigators (Capaldi, 1985; Capaldi et al., 1983) considered this trial 2 differential speed effect evidence for rats' anticipation of inter-trial outcomes within each series.
However, we controlled for these differences in the analyses and we did not find any indications of a differential treatment effect by trial.
16 17 20 Finally, differences in total costs of the arms during the trial reflect differential mortality and thus different total number of person years of receipt of ART.
