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He was particularly interested in the differential reproductive success of "headmen".
Suppose that fitness differences were matters of probabilistic differential reproductive success (no matter what interpretations of probability is adopted).
As Ghiselin (1966) clarified very well, differential reproductive success (fitness) is a statistical measure that nonetheless, through heritability, affects the long term change of populations.
They both actively illustrated that trait variation can lead to differential reproductive success, and that this can lead to change in phenotype frequency over time in a population.
In contrast, Darwin hypothesized that randomly occurring variation among individual organisms could be preserved or destroyed in the population of organisms through differential reproductive success.
some eusocial insects) a gene selectionist view according to which fitness is understood as the differential reproductive success of alleles may be available.
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Because of relative ease of assessment, the majority of sex-ratio observations in natural populations (including parasites) are made from tertiary ratios, which describe the population sex differential of reproductive adults.
In agreement with our results, he showed that in North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) size-selective fishing induces a positive selection differential on reproductive investment.
This reduces selection differentials on reproductive investment.
Arlinghaus et al. (2009) used an age-structured model to estimate selection differentials on reproductive investment generated by recreational fishing.
The resulting demographic equilibrium represents the ecological environment that determines the selection differentials on reproductive investment exerted by size-selective recreational fishing.
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