Standardized costs eliminated the differential payment levels for urban and rural SNFs, as well as swing beds in CAHs.
PCRs can help public policymakers to better understand hospitals' responses to differential payment amounts for similar services across payers.
Another option that has been suggested is differential payment scales depending on whether or not a technology such as computerized physician order entry is in use or not, which has been recommended by the Medicare Patient Advisory Commission [ 49].
This might increase their awareness regarding differential co-payments, generic bioequivalence and rational use of pharmaceuticals.
The DAB model also provides a mechanism for making or receiving a differential money payment as part of the direct bartering of items, hence, allowing bartering of different valued items.
There are places where financial incentives can encourage prudent spending on health care -- for example, through the use of differential pharmaceutical co-payments.
To an economist looking at it that way, it's the equivalent of a 130 percent marginal tax rate: a $130 payment differential solely as a consequence of earning an extra $100.
With regard to demand-side measures, engineering activities include organizational or managerial interventions such as prescribing targets, whereas economic interventions include penalties on devolved budgets, financial incentives linked to prescribing targets, as well as differential patient co-payments [ 76].
In the base-case analysis that evaluated cumulative 3-year costs, the differential in commercial insurance payments (calculated as cost of nonoperative care − cost of MIS) was $14,545 per patient whereas, in the sensitivity analysis that estimated cumulative 5-year costs, the differential was $6,137 per patient (Table 3).
Salaries range from about $47,000 to $81,000 now, not including the shift differentials or additional longevity payments of 3 percent to 11 percent for any officer who has worked five years or more.
