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Prospective data collection prevents the occurrence of 'recall bias' or other types of differential exposure information bias.
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Therefore, it is probable that exposure misclassification occurred which is likely to be non-differential because exposure information came from military personnel records and not from study members.
The use of a matched nested case-control design in a large prospective representative cohort will reduce the possible deleterious effect of differential recall bias for the exposure information and possible systematic errors of selection bias.
Especially Vitamin G2 will provide information on the effects of differential exposure.
Because the case information is compared with control information from the same patient, there will be no differential exposure misclassification as long as each individual patient uses the same definition of every exposure in all questions, which seems a reasonable assumption.
This lack of access to detailed individual exposure information implies a substantial risk of non-differential exposure misclassification.
Nonetheless, valuable data are presented on differential exposure patterns.
Although this assumption means that the exposure location of some of the RRV cases included in this study was not accurate, there is no reason to suspect that the proportion of cases with inaccurate exposure information would have varied across the buffers, and therefore, the potential for differential bias to be introduced is low.
All exposure information was collected before the outcome, which reduces concerns regarding bias due to differential reporting among cases and noncases.
This strategy of differential exposure measurement design may allow the exposure response relationships to be tested on the whole cohort by incorporating the information on the relationship between different types of exposure measures (i.e., ranging from simple to more complex) derived from the detailed validation subsamples.
It is unlikely that the differential distribution process of the questionnaire to cases and to controls, respectively, led to any important difference regarding the quality of exposure information.
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