Patients' differential expectancies based on study design could lead to different patient populations being selected for these studies and influence clinical improvement.
Interpreted like this, we would expect differential effects of expectancy, which should more strongly affect the OR, cardiac deceleration, and the P3, and outcomes worse than expected, which should more strongly affect the MFN.
If gigantism is comparatively frequent in longer-lived host species, it may be because the longevity of such hosts makes more possible the differential life expectancies necessary to select for detectably different allocation schemes between parasitic castrators and uninfected hosts.
Thus, differential conflict anticipation or expectancy may account for the trial-type effects, rather than a differential response to experienced conflict during probe processing.
Other studies have documented that at the end of the twentieth century Japan had the highest sex differential in life expectancy compared with other G7 countries expect France [ 3, 5].
The design excluded differential contributions of expectancy to influence the syntactic violation effects.
Japan was the only population among the G7 countries with a persistently widening sex differential in life expectancy from 1950 to 1999 [ 5].
Smoking contributes substantially to the life expectancy differential between Māori (indigenous New Zealanders who comprise 15% of the national population) and non-Māori [ 3].
A national analysis of Canadian data observed a decrease in absolute differentials in life expectancy between low and high income neighbourhoods from 1971 to 1996 (although differentials were relatively stable in the 1990s) [ 15], which contrasts with the results we observed for Québec.
Differentials in life expectancy at older ages have rarely been evaluated, despite individual-level research indicating that the rising differentials might be substantially driven by population growth among individuals aged 65 and above [ 18, 19].
