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Second, a sigmoid function based novel tracking differentiator (STD) with global fast convergence property, simple structure and chattering-free in differential estimation is developed to handle the "explosion of term" problem in back-stepping TLC design.
With respect to the differential estimation of the fit of the four models, Table 5 shows the distribution of the varying discrimination parameters (c_g), (c_i) and (c_{gi}).
Fig. 1 Diagram to illustrate the relations between the BLUEs related to the joint estimation, the OSP-based estimation, and the differential estimation.
The equivalences between the BLUEs of the joint estimation, the OSP-based estimation and the differential estimation are summarized in Table 1 and also in Fig. 1.
Three different kinds of methods to cope with the unknown nuisance parameters have been studied, i.e., the joint estimation, the OSP-based estimation, and the differential estimation.
As before, the BLUEs of the joint estimation, OSP-based estimation, and the differential estimation for the SD-RSS model are evaluated and compared with some LS estimators without a proper whitening.
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This highlights the value of both internal calibration and time-differential estimation of the surface-to-air temperature gradient within a surface energy balance framework.
Differential Bearing Estimation for RF Tags.
In Section 2, we develop a differential bearing estimation approach which is based on Doppler frequency measurements.
Our model can leverage the strength across multiple data platforms to improve the accuracy of network inference and differential network estimation.
In this paper, several variation operators based on Pareto efficiency, extracted from Differential Evolution, Estimation of Distribution Algorithms, Evolution Strategies and Evolutionary Programming, are compared in order to determine whether or not they increase the performance of the non-Pareto based versions.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com