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A third source of differentiation, necessarily overlooked in comparison of orthologous sequences, is the differential duplication and deletion of chromosomal regions [8], [9].
It was shown that this variation is due to both differential duplication of finger motifs and loss by degeneration.
Some of the differences in total gene and intron numbers among species are due to differential duplication of a few genes after IR expansion in several lineages.
In addition, we discovered evolutionary change of individual C2H2-ZNF orthologs involving both differential duplication of zinc finger motifs and loss of N-terminal effector domains.
As shown in Additional file 1: Table S15, relative to Culicinae, C-type lectins (CTLs), serine protease inhibitors (serpins, SRPNs) and MD2-like gene (ML) families have contracted in the Anophelinae, whereas the thioester-containing protein (TEP) and peroxidase gene families have expanded, which may result from the differential duplication and/or loss of genes among these evolutionary lineages.
ampelina is also the causal agent of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, a fruit and foliar disease that affects green tissues Modifications of gene family size, as a result of the differential duplication and deletion of chromosomal regions, have been shown to provide selective advantages and contribute to adaptation in a variety of organisms, including fungi [ 31, 32].
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Differential duplications and deletions of chromosomal regions including coding genes provide a powerful source for the evolution of species-specific biological differences [ 2].
Cases of differential tandem duplication may have resulted from duplication in only one species or loss of duplicates from one species.
Such difference may be due either to breed or haplotype differences, as a subsequence of differential gene duplication [ 41].
Phylogenetic analysis of selected clusters reveals that the disparity in C2H2-ZNF gene repertoires across mammals not only originates from differential gene duplication but also from gene loss.
This diagram shows the evident role of differential gene duplication and loss events causing a great variation in the RNase gene counts among these species.
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