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Let the differential angle at pilot subcarrier index k in symbol number l is ϕ k,l, and x k is the pilot index.
XRD pattern was recorded on X-ray diffractometer (Rigatu Miniflex 600-XRD instrument, USA) using Cu Kά radiation generated at 35 kV and 35 mA in the differential angle 2θ at a range of 0° 80° in steps of 0.020/s.
The differential angle ϕ k,l is evaluated by multiplying the pilot k at symbol l with the conjugate of the similar pilot at the same index k at symbol l - 1 (the similar pilot could be in an earlier symbol) to mitigate the channel effect.
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Here, 1/Nmax normalizes the distribution, and the differential solid angle d Ω becomes 2π sin θ dθ due to the azimultal symmetry of the problem.
Yields of neutrons produced by a 238U ion beam of 1 GeV/nucleon kinetic energy impinging on a thick Fe target were measured resulting in distributions differential in neutron angle (0° < ϑn < 20°) and in kinetic energy (Tn > 50 MeV).
The samples were filtrated 0.2 μm to avoid column blocking, separated at 0.5 mL/min using hydrophilic separation media and were detected using differential refractive index/multi angle laser light scattering (dRI/MALLS).
The polyesters were studied using static contact angles, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) and Fastin elastin assays.
Recent studies on fish with differential vulnerability to angling have focused on the physiological correlates of this vulnerability.
The main objective was to evaluate if differential vulnerability to angling was correlated with growth, energetics and nutritional condition during the sub-adult stage.
The inherent reasons behind differential vulnerability to angling are complex, and selection for these opposing phenotypes appears to select for differing growth rates, although the driving factors remain unclear.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth, energetics and nutritional status in two experimental lines of largemouth bass (M. salmoides Lacépède) with differential vulnerability to angling (Philipp et al. 2009).
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